The essay has been a staple of literary writing since the 16th century when French writer Michel de Montaigne first popularized the genre. But over time, the essay has evolved and changed, taking on new forms and purposes. From Montaigne’s personal reflections to the modern-day think piece, the essay has undergone a transformation that reflects the societal changes and advancements in literature.

Montaigne is often credited with creating the first modern essay, with his collection of personal musings titled “Essais” (translated to “attempts”) published in 1580. He rejected the rigid and rigidly structured writing of the time, instead opting for a more personal and free-flowing style. Montaigne used the essay as a way to explore and understand himself, his experiences, and the world around him. This introspective and philosophical approach to writing was a sharp departure from the religious and scholarly writing of the time.

In the centuries that followed, the essay continued to evolve and take on new shapes and purposes. The 18th century saw the rise of the periodical essay, written by renowned English writers such as Joseph Addison and Richard Steele. These essays were written for the masses, focusing on social, political, and moral issues of the day. They were often witty and satirical, using humor to address serious topics.

In the 19th century, the essay gained a more intimate and personal quality through the works of writers such as Charles Lamb and William Hazlitt. These writers used the essay to share their thoughts, feelings, and experiences, creating a more emotional and empathetic connection with their readers. This style of essay writing, known as the familiar essay, became popular in the 20th century as well, with notable writers like Virginia Woolf and E.B. White.

The modern essay has taken on a more diverse and multifaceted shape, breaking away from the traditional personal or familiar essay. With the rise of journalism and social media, the essay has become a popular medium for expressing opinions and ideas on current events and social issues. Think pieces, op-eds, and personal essays have become prevalent in newspapers and online publications, allowing writers to share their perspectives and engage in meaningful discussions.

But the essay is not restricted to personal or opinionated works. In recent years, the academic essay has gained importance in institutions of higher education, with students using it as a tool for critical thinking and analysis. With its structured format and emphasis on research and evidence, the academic essay has become a key medium for students to express their ideas and arguments.

The evolution of the essay is not limited to its form but also its subjects. While Montaigne’s essays focused on the self, modern essays cover a wide range of topics, from politics and activism to personal experiences and pop culture. The essay has become a platform for writers to express their unique perspectives on a variety of subjects.

In conclusion, the essay has come a long way since its inception in the 16th century. It has shifted from a personal and reflective exploration to a more diverse and practical medium for sharing ideas and opinions. From Montaigne’s attempts at self-understanding to the modern-day think piece, the essay has continuously adapted and evolved to capture the ever-changing landscape of literature and society.