Raw materials are integral components in the fabrication process of various products. These materials, in their most basic form, are typically extracted from nature and are in their raw state. However, through a series of processes, they are transformed into a wide range of finished products that we use in our daily lives. In this article, we will discuss the different types of raw materials used in fabrication processes, exploring their properties and examples of their practical uses.

1. Metals:
Metals are one of the most widely used raw materials in the fabrication industry. They are highly malleable and ductile, making them easy to shape and form into various products. Some common types of metals used in fabrication include steel, aluminum, copper, and iron. These metals are known for their strength, conductivity, and durability, making them suitable for use in a wide range of applications such as construction, transportation, and electrical wiring.

For example, steel, which is an alloy of iron and carbon, is used in the construction of buildings, bridges, and vehicles due to its high strength and resistance to corrosion. Aluminum, on the other hand, is a lightweight metal that is commonly used in the production of aircraft, beverage cans, and packaging materials due to its low density and high conductivity.

2. Plastics:
Plastics are synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that are derived from petrochemicals. They are lightweight, durable, and have the ability to be molded into various shapes and sizes, making them ideal for use in fabrication processes. Some common types of plastics used in fabrication include polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Polyethylene, which is a thermoplastic, is widely used in the production of packaging materials, pipes, and containers due to its low cost and high chemical resistance. Polystyrene, another thermoplastic, is commonly used in insulation, packaging, and disposable cutlery due to its lightweight and insulating properties. PVC, a thermosetting plastic, is used in the production of pipes, furniture, and electrical insulation due to its rigidity and resistance to fire and chemicals.

3. Ceramics:
Ceramics are non-metallic, inorganic materials that are known for their strength, hardness, and resistance to heat and corrosion. They are used in fabrication processes mainly due to their high melting points and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. Some common types of ceramics used in fabrication include cement, glass, and clay.

Cement, which is a mixture of limestone, clay, and gypsum, is used in the construction industry to make concrete, which is used in buildings, roads, and bridges. Glass, which is a non-crystalline form of ceramic, is used in the production of windows, mirrors, and bottles due to its optical clarity and resistance to chemicals. Clay, on the other hand, is used in the production of pottery, bricks, and tiles due to its plasticity and ability to be molded into various shapes.

In conclusion, raw materials form the backbone of the fabrication industry, and the type of material used in a process ultimately determines the characteristics of the end product. From metals to plastics and ceramics, each type of raw material offers unique properties and advantages, making them suitable for use in different applications. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more diverse and innovative use of these raw materials in fabrication processes, resulting in the creation of new and improved products for our everyday needs.