According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, food allergies affect up to 8% of children and 4% of adults in the United States. An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to a protein in a particular food, causing an array of symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening anaphylaxis. While any food can be an allergen, there are eight common food allergens that account for 90% of all food allergies.
1. Milk
Milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies, especially among young children. It is caused by an allergy to the protein in cow’s milk, and can also include goat, sheep, and buffalo milk. Symptoms can include hives, eczema, vomiting, and wheezing, and can range from mild to severe.
2. Eggs
Egg allergy is the second most common food allergy in children, and is most often outgrown by the age of five. It is caused by an allergy to the protein in egg whites, and can cause symptoms such as hives, nasal congestion, and gastrointestinal distress.
3. Peanuts
In recent years, peanut allergy has become more prevalent and is a leading cause of severe allergic reactions. It is caused by an allergy to a protein in peanuts, and can cause symptoms ranging from mild hives to life-threatening anaphylaxis.
4. Tree Nuts
Tree nut allergies, which include almonds, cashews, walnuts, and hazelnuts, are one of the most common food allergies in both children and adults. In some cases, an allergy to one tree nut may indicate a higher risk for allergies to other tree nuts.
5. Shellfish
Shellfish allergy is one of the most common adult food allergies and is caused by an allergy to the protein in crustaceans such as shrimp, lobster, and crab, as well as mollusks like clams, oysters, and mussels. Symptoms can range from mild itching to anaphylaxis.
6. Fish
Similar to shellfish, fish allergy is also more common in adults. It is caused by an allergy to the protein in certain types of fish, such as tuna, salmon, and halibut. This allergy can be severe and can cause anaphylaxis.
7. Wheat
Wheat allergy is more common in children and is often outgrown by adulthood. It is caused by an allergy to the protein in wheat, and can cause digestive symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea.
8. Soy
Soy allergy is more common in infants and young children, and is often outgrown by the age of 10. It is caused by an allergy to the protein in soybeans, and can cause symptoms ranging from hives to anaphylaxis.
While these are the most common food allergens, it’s important to note that any food has the potential to cause an allergic reaction. Some people may also have allergies to less common foods such as sesame, mustard, and celery. It’s important for individuals with food allergies to always read labels and be conscious of potential cross-contamination when dining out.
It’s also worth mentioning that food intolerances can often be confused with food allergies. While food intolerances can cause discomfort and digestive issues, they do not involve the immune system and are not life-threatening.
If you suspect that you or your child may have a food allergy, it’s important to seek medical advice. A doctor can help determine the specific allergen through allergy testing and provide guidance on how to manage and avoid potential allergens.
In conclusion, food allergies are a serious and growing health concern, and it’s important for individuals to be aware of the common food allergens and their potential symptoms. By educating ourselves and others, we can take steps to prevent and manage food allergies and keep ourselves and our loved ones safe.