Applied arts, also known as decorative arts, refer to the creation of aesthetically pleasing and functional objects. These objects include furniture, ceramics, glassware, textiles, metalwork, and even jewelry. In contrast to fine arts, which are meant to be appreciated for their beauty and meaning, applied arts serve practical purposes.
Techniques and materials used in applied arts vary depending on the specific type of art being created. However, there are some common techniques and materials that are used across different forms of applied arts.
One of the most common techniques used in applied arts is ceramics. Ceramics refer to objects made of clay that are shaped and fired in a kiln to create a durable material. The techniques used in ceramics include hand-building, wheel-throwing, and slip-casting. Hand-building involves shaping clay by hand, while wheel-throwing uses a potter’s wheel to create symmetrical objects. Slip-casting, on the other hand, involves pouring liquid clay into a mold to create multiple copies of a particular object.
Glassmaking is another popular technique used in applied arts. It involves heating glass until it is malleable and then shaping it into desired forms. The technique of blowing glass allows for the creation of unique and intricate designs. Glass can also be manipulated through techniques like fusing, slumping, and etching to create different textures and patterns.
Metalwork is another important technique used in applied arts. It involves working with different types of metals such as iron, copper, silver, and gold to create functional or decorative objects. Techniques used in metalwork include casting, forging, and welding. Casting involves pouring molten metal into a mold to create a specific shape, while forging involves shaping metal by heating it and then hammering or pressing it. Welding, on the other hand, involves joining two pieces of metal together using heat and pressure.
In textile art, various techniques are used to create beautiful and functional objects. Weaving, knitting, crocheting, and embroidery are some of the most common techniques used in this form of applied art. Weaving involves interlacing thread or yarn to create fabric, while knitting and crocheting use a series of interlocking loops to create various textures and patterns. Embroidery, on the other hand, uses needle and thread to decorate fabric with intricate designs and patterns.
Apart from these techniques, materials also play a significant role in the creation of applied arts. Woodwork, for example, uses a wide range of materials such as hardwoods, softwoods, and engineered woods like plywood and MDF. Each type of wood has its unique properties, and depending on the desired outcome, a specific type of wood is used. Similarly, ceramics can be made using different types of clay, such as earthenware, stoneware, or porcelain, and glass can be made from different compositions, resulting in varying levels of transparency and strength.
In recent times, technology has also had a significant impact on the techniques and materials used in applied arts. Advancements in 3D printing, for example, have opened up new possibilities for creating complex and intricate designs in various materials such as metal, plastic, and even glass.
In conclusion, applied arts encompass a wide range of disciplines, each with its own set of techniques and materials. From traditional techniques like ceramics and metalwork to modern advancements in technology, there is no limit to the possibilities in this field. These techniques and materials not only add to the beauty and functionality of the objects created but also reflect the cultural and historical significance of the art form. As technology continues to evolve, so will the techniques and materials used in applied arts, making it an exciting and constantly evolving field.